Visualizing+appropriate+assessment+tools+for+specific+contexts,+content,+and+student

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Visualizing appropriate assessment tools for specific contexts, content, and student
In this section we have to discuss-
 * 1) Various tools for assessment
 * Questionnaire
 * Rating scale
 * Anecdotal Record
 * Check List
 * Interview
 * Observation
 * Oral Test
 * Practical
 * Sociometric
 * Self
 * Peer Evaluation
 * Written Test
 * 1) Meaning of context
 * 2) Meaning of content
 * 3) Meaning of student

Assessment Tools
Below are links to assessment tools and techniques along with specific geoscience

Questionnaire
 * 1) examples and resources.

A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. Although they are often designed for statistical analysis of the responses, this is not always the case. The questionnaire was invented by Sir Francis Galton.

Questionnaires have advantages over some other types of surveys in that they are cheap, do not require as much effort from the questioner as verbal or telephone surveys, and often have standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. However, such standardized answers may frustrate users. Questionnaires are also sharply limited by the fact that respondents must be able to read the questions and respond to them. Thus, for some demographic groups conducting a survey by questionnaire may not be practical.

As a type of survey, questionnaires also have many of the same proRating scale From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Text document with red question mark.svg This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. (December 2009)

Rating scale

Concerning rating scales as systems of educational marks, see articles about education in different countries (named "Education in ..."), for example, Education in Ukraine. Concerning rating scales used in the practice of medicine, see articles about diagnoses, for example, Major depressive disorder.

A rating scale is a set of categories designed to elicit information about a quantitative or a qualitative attribute. In the social sciences, common examples are the Likert scale and 1-10 rating scales in which a person selects the number which is considered to reflect the perceived quality of a product.blems relating to question construction and wording that exist in other types of opinion polls.

Anecdotal Records

An anecdotal record is "a written record kept in a positive tone of a child's progress based on milestones particular to that child's social, emotional, physical, aesthetic, and cognitive development," notes the American Association of School Administrators (1992, p. 21). The teacher observes and then records a child's actions and work throughout the day while the activities are occurring. The recording is informal and typically is based on notes or a checklist with space for writing comments. It is done only when appropriate and is not forced; in fact, there may be days between entries.

The anecdotal record is positive in tone. It emphasizes "what a child can do and his or her achievements, as opposed to what he or she cannot do," explains the American Association of School Administrators (1992, p. 2). It is useful for reporting a child's progress and achievements during parent-teacher conferences.

Checklist

A checklist, is a type of informational job aid used to reduce failure by compensating for potential limits of human memory and attention. It helps to ensure consistency and completeness in carrying out a task. A basic example is the "to do list." A more advanced checklist would be a schedule, which lays out tasks to be done according to time of day or other factors.

Interview

An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.

Observation

Observation is either an activity of a living being (such as a human), consisting of receiving knowledge of the outside world through the senses, or the recording of data using scientific instruments. The term may also refer to any datum collected during this activity.

Oral Tests

Oral tests become more common as your college career progresses. During an oral test, both your knowledge of a subject and your communication skills are being evaluated. Oral tests may take place in front of one person, a panel or a class. Self (psychology)

The self is a key construct in several schools of psychology, broadly referring to the cognitive and affective representation of one's identity. The earliest formulation of the self in modern psychology from the distinction between the self as I, the subjective knower, and the self as Me, the object that is known.[1] Current views of the self in psychology diverge greatly from this early conception, positioning the self as playing an integral part in human motivation, cognition, affect, and social identity.[2] Self following from John Locke has been seen as a product of episodic memory[3] but research upon those with amnesia find they have a coherent sense of self based upon preserved conceptual autobiographical knowledge.[4] It may be the case that we can now usefully attempt to ground experience of self in a neural process with cognitive consequences, which will give us insight into the elements of which the complex multiply situated selves of modern identity are comprised.

Definitions of peer evaluation on the Web:


 * Process of checking another’s work against the requirements that have been given and giving constructive feedback.

Peer Evaluations

Peer Evaluation Guidelines

Peer evaluation, or review, is the process by which one faculty member observes another and gathers information about the latter’s effectiveness in the classroom. The teaching and learning processes are evaluated, as is the educational environment established by the faculty member. While peer evaluations can be used for both summative and formative purposes, the evaluator must understand the particular purpose for his or her review.

Definitions of written test on the Web:


 * Typically, consists of multiple-choice questions, but may include essay questions.

Content 1 Definition: Contained within limits; hence, having the desires limited by that which one has; not disposed to repine or grumble; satisfied; contented; at rest.

Content 2 Definition: That which is contained; the thing or things held by a receptacle or included within specified limits; as, the contents of a cask or bale or of a room; the contents of a book.

Definition: Power of containing; capacity; extent; size.

Definition: Area or quantity of space or matter contained within certain limits; as, solid contents; superficial contents.

con·text

1. The part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning. 2. The circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting. 1. the parts of a piece of writing, speech, etc., that precede and follow a word or passage and contribute to its full meaning it is unfair to quote out of context 2. the conditions and circumstances that are relevant to an event, fact, etc.

Student Definition: A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Student 2 Definition: One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature. Definition: a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines Definition: a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

Formal oral tests usually follow a list of questions. You know how to answer the question. You should not give out any extra information unless you have asked. During informal tests, you can give longer responses with more information. When you study for an oral test, be sure you are prepared. Ask your teacher for information as to what is expected on the test. Study what is suggested. Make sure you know the correct time, date and location of the exam. If you are using any visual aids, double check to be sure all the equipment is in place.

Dress for the test and act professionally. Be on time or early. Act as if the test begins when you walk into the room. Stay focused on the question, and do not give out too much information. If you do not know the answer, say so. It may help if you give an outline of the process you would use to find the answer. Do not acknowledge your nervousness.

When the test over, go over your strengths and weaknesses. Think about how you could improve your performance.

practical

wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
 * concerned with actual use or practice; "he is a very practical person"; "the idea had no practical application"; "a practical knowledge of ...
 * hardheaded: guided by practical experience and observation rather than theory; "a hardheaded appraisal of our position"; "a hard-nosed labor leader"; "completely practical in his approach to business"; "not ideology but pragmatic politics"
 * virtual(a): being actually such in almost every respect; "a practical failure"; "the once elegant temple lay in virtual ruin"

Sociometrics


 * Sociometry is a quantitative method for measuring social relationships. It was developed by psychotherapist Jacob L. ...

Self (psychology)

The self is a key construct in several schools of psychology, broadly referring to the cognitive and affective representation of one's identity. The earliest formulation of the self in modern psychology from the distinction between the self as I, the subjective knower, and the self as Me, the object that is known.[1] Current views of the self in psychology diverge greatly from this early conception, positioning the self as playing an integral part in human motivation, cognition, affect, and social identity.[2] Self following from John Locke has been seen as a product of episodic memory[3] but research upon those with amnesia find they have a coherent sense of self based upon preserved conceptual autobiographical knowledge.[4] It may be the case that we can now usefully attempt to ground experience of self in a neural process with cognitive consequences, which will give us insight into the elements of which the complex multiply situated selves of modern identity are comprised.

Definitions of peer evaluation on the Web:
 * Process of checking another’s work against the requirements that have been given and giving constructive feedback.

Peer Evaluations Peer Evaluation Guidelines Peer evaluation, or review, is the process by which one faculty member observes another and gathers information about the latter’s effectiveness in the classroom. The teaching and learning processes are evaluated, as is the educational environment established by the faculty member. While peer evaluations can be used for both summative and formative purposes, the evaluator must understand the particular purpose for his or her review.

Definitions of written test on the Web:
 * Typically, consists of multiple-choice questions, but may include essay questions.

Content 1

Definition: Contained within limits; hence, having the desires limited by that which one has; not disposed to repine or grumble; satisfied; contented; at rest.

Content 2 Definition: That which is contained; the thing or things held by a receptacle or included within specified limits; as, the contents of a cask or bale or of a room; the contents of a book.

Definition: Power of containing; capacity; extent; size.

Definition: Area or quantity of space or matter contained within certain limits; as, solid contents; superficial contents.

con·text 1. The part of a text or statement that surrounds a particular word or passage and determines its meaning.

2. The circumstances in which an event occurs; a setting.

1. the parts of a piece of writing, speech, etc., that precede and follow a word or passage and contribute to its full meaning it is unfair to quote out of context

2. the conditions and circumstances that are relevant to an event, fact, etc.

Student Definition: A person engaged in study; one who is devoted to learning; a learner; a pupil; a scholar; especially, one who attends a school, or who seeks knowledge from professional teachers or from books; as, the students of an academy, a college, or a university; a medical student; a hard student. Student 2

Definition: One who studies or examines in any manner; an attentive and systematic observer; as, a student of human nature, or of physical nature.

Definition: a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines

Definition: a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution